Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a birth defect characterized by a structural issue in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity. This can lead to respiratory insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension, with a mortality rate of 30 to 60%. CDH may range from a thinned area in the diaphragm to its complete absence, affecting lung development and causing breathing difficulties at birth. Most cases are sporadic, and it is rarely inherited. Different types of CDH include Bochdalek hernia, Morgagni hernia, diaphragm eventration, and central tendon defects. Some individuals may not show symptoms until later in life, with 5 to 10% experiencing breathing problems or abdominal pain. CDH can be associated with genetic changes, chromosome abnormalities, or other birth defects.